Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental health disorder that affects how people think, feel and behave. A distressing loss of touch with reality is a leading hallmark of this illness. While the exact cause remains unknown, research suggests genetic factors can influence whether people develop schizophrenic symptoms.
Characteristics of Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia can cause cognitive, behavioral and emotional dysfunction, with traits that typically fall into three broad areas.
- Positive: These include recognizable behavioral aspects like hallucinations and delusions. Disorganized thinking and speech are also attributes.
- Negative: Diminished or lost capabilities resulting from schizophrenia might consist of reduced expression of emotions, lack of interest in life, withdrawal from social activities and reduced ability to start and sustain planned activities.
- Cognitive: These may involve poor executive functioning, trouble focusing or paying attention and problems using information immediately after learning it.
To meet the DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia, you must experience two or more of these symptoms for a significant portion of time for at least a month.
Genetic Factors
While schizophrenia is not as straightforward as inheriting a physical trait like eye color, heredity is a factor. If you have a parent or sibling with schizophrenia, you have a significantly higher risk of developing the disorder compared to the general population. Some research suggests genetics contribute up to 80% of the risk for schizophrenia, though having a close relative with the disorder does not guarantee you will develop this illness.
In addition to genetic predisposition, several other variables may increase your likelihood of having schizophrenia.
- Environmental exposures: Viruses, toxins, malnutrition and stressful life events can trigger schizophrenia.
- Brain chemistry: Imbalances in neurotransmitters like dopamine and glutamate may contribute to schizophrenia by affecting how your brain reacts to stimuli.
- Substance use: Psychoactive or psychotropic substances like cannabis, LSD or amphetamines can trigger schizophrenia in those who are susceptible, especially during adolescence.
- Immune system activation: Recent research indicates a link between schizophrenia and autoimmune diseases or systemic inflammation, suggesting that immune system dysfunction may influence the onset of this disorder.
How Doctors Diagnose Schizophrenia
Early diagnosis and treatment can lead to better outcomes for people who experience schizophrenia symptoms. If you suspect you have schizophrenia, see a doctor or psychiatrist who can evaluate you and recommend a treatment regimen to improve your long-term prognosis.
Diagnosing schizophrenia is a complex process that involves ruling out other medical conditions and carefully assessing psychological symptoms. There is no definitive test for schizophrenia, making the diagnostic process heavily reliant on clinical evaluation. You should arrive at your appointment prepared to discuss your family history of schizophrenia or other psychiatric conditions, which can provide crucial clues about your potential genetic predisposition.
Transform Your Life With Exceptional Psychiatric Care
Schizophrenia is a multifaceted disorder shaped by a complex interplay of genetic, biological and environmental factors. Understanding the genetic components helps you assess your risk, but you must also consider the broad range of other potential triggers.
Pine Grove’s clinicians provide comprehensive care and support for adults with psychiatric disorders, creating personalized treatment plans that address all aspects of your well-being. Our care goals emphasize symptom management that facilitates a return to a fulfilling, productive lifestyle. Learn more by contacting us today.
